The Federal Employers Liability Act (FELA) is a landmark federal statute enacted in 1908 to provide legal recourse for railroad workers who suffer injuries or illnesses due to employer negligence.
At the time of its passage, railroad work was one of the most dangerous occupations in the country, and traditional workers compensation laws did not apply to these employees.
FELA was designed to fill that gap, giving injured railroad workers the right to sue their employer for financial damages when unsafe practices or conditions contributed to their injury.
Unlike no-fault workers’ compensation systems, FELA requires the injured worker to prove negligence—such as a failure to provide a safe work environment, adequate training, or properly maintained equipment.
This standard of proof is higher, but the potential compensation is far greater, covering not only medical expenses and lost wages but also pain and suffering, loss of future earnings, and diminished quality of life.
In cases of fatal injuries, surviving family members can also seek wrongful death damages.
FELA is part of a broader framework of federal laws aimed at protecting railroad employees, working in conjunction with the Federal Railroad Safety Act, the Locomotive Inspection Act, and the Safety Appliance Act.
These statutes address overlapping issues such as railcar design, safety inspections, and mandatory protections for workers.
When violations of these laws occur, they can serve as critical evidence in a FELA claim, reinforcing the railroad’s liability for resulting harm.
FELA applies to nearly every aspect of railroad work, including incidents involving:
- Defective equipment or tools
- Unsafe work practices or dangerous conditions
- Failure to inspect or maintain locomotives and railcars
- Inadequate employee training or supervision
- Violations of federal safety regulations
Importantly, the railroad’s negligence does not need to be the sole cause of injury; under FELA, even partial fault can justify compensation.
Because these are federal claims, cases can be filed in either state or federal court, depending on the circumstances and legal strategy.
FELA also applies not only to acute, traumatic accidents but to chronic occupational illnesses like mesothelioma, lung cancer, or leukemia caused by prolonged toxic exposure.
For injured railroad workers and their families, FELA remains one of the most powerful tools for securing justice, accountability, and fair compensation from negligent employers.
Types of Injures Commonly Claimed Under FELA
The dynamic and physically demanding environment of railroad work—whether on running locomotives, in rail yards, or within maintenance shops—exposes workers to a wide range of serious injuries.
Each job function comes with distinct hazards: brakemen may suffer falls during coupling operations, while machinists and electricians face risks from heavy equipment, toxic substances, and confined spaces.
Whether it’s a sudden traumatic event or the result of years of repetitive motion, FELA allows injured railroad workers to seek compensation when employer negligence contributes to their injury.
Because the work involves large machinery, hazardous materials, moving trains, and high-pressure systems, the potential for catastrophic harm is always present.
Injuries may result from unsafe procedures, lack of training, defective tools, or a railroad company’s failure to comply with federal safety regulations.
Below are some of the most common injuries claimed in FELA lawsuits, along with how they typically occur on the job:
- Crush Injuries – From being pinned between railcars or struck by moving equipment.
- Amputations – Caused by entanglement in machinery, moving parts, or sudden railcar movement.
- Spinal Cord Injuries – Resulting from high-impact falls or collisions.
- Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI) – From being struck by falling tools, slips on slick surfaces, or equipment malfunctions.
- Fractures and Broken Bones – Due to slips, falls, or impacts with heavy rail equipment.
- Burn Injuries – From hot surfaces, electrical faults, or fuel-related accidents.
- Back and Neck Injuries – Common in workers lifting heavy tools or exposed to repetitive strain.
- Hearing Loss – Caused by long-term exposure to loud engines, horns, and shop equipment without proper protection.
- Respiratory Illnesses – From inhaling diesel exhaust, silica dust, asbestos fibers, or chemical fumes.
- Mesothelioma and Lung Cancer – Often linked to long-term asbestos or diesel exhaust exposure.
- Repetitive Stress Injuries – Affecting joints, tendons, and muscles from years of physical strain.
- Occupational Cancers (e.g., bladder, kidney, leukemia) – Resulting from toxic exposure to substances like benzene, solvents, or welding fumes.
- Lacerations and Deep Cuts – From sharp tools, sheet metal, or broken equipment.
- Electrical Injuries – Suffered by electricians or mechanics working on live systems or poorly grounded machinery.
- Eye Injuries – Caused by flying debris, welding sparks, or chemical splashes.
- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) – Arising from witnessing or surviving catastrophic incidents.
- Death – In cases of fatal workplace accidents or delayed consequences of occupational disease.
These injuries can severely impact a worker’s life and ability to continue employment, making it critical to pursue all available legal remedies under FELA.
How Long Do You Have to File a FELA Claim?
Under the Federal Employers Liability Act (FELA), injured railroad workers generally have three years from the date of their injury to file a claim.
If the injury or illness was not immediately apparent—such as in cases of occupational cancer—the three-year period begins when the worker knew or reasonably should have known that the condition was related to their railroad work.
Missing this deadline can result in the claim being dismissed, regardless of its merits.
Because FELA claims involve detailed investigations and medical evidence, it’s important to contact a lawyer as soon as possible after a diagnosis or accident.
Acting quickly gives your legal team the best chance to preserve evidence, identify negligent conduct, and pursue full compensation.
Why Should You Hire a FELA Attorney for Your Claim?
Hiring a FELA attorney is crucial because these cases are complex and require proof of employer negligence—something general personal injury lawyers may not be equipped to handle.
FELA attorneys understand the federal laws that govern railroad work and know how to build strong claims using industry-specific evidence.
An experienced FELA lawyer can also accurately calculate damages and stand up to powerful railroad companies and their insurers in court.
Advantages of working with a FELA attorney include:
- In-depth knowledge of FELA and related federal statutes
- Experience handling railroad industry claims and accident investigations
- Access to expert witnesses in rail safety and occupational medicine
- Strong trial preparation focused on securing maximum compensation
- No upfront costs due to contingency-based representation