Construction workers face an elevated risk of leukemia due to exposure to several hazardous substances and conditions commonly found on construction sites. One major risk factor is exposure to benzene, a carcinogenic chemical present in many industrial solvents, paints, and fuels used in construction, as well as in diesel exhaust. Chronic exposure to benzene can lead to the development of leukemia, particularly acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Workers who handle benzene-containing substances or operate diesel-powered equipment are especially vulnerable.

Another significant risk factor is exposure to asbestos, which was widely used in construction materials for its fire-resistant properties. When asbestos fibers become airborne and are inhaled, they pose serious health risks, including an increased risk of leukemia. Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) also contributes to leukemia risk. PAHs are chemicals released from burning organic materials such as coal, tar, and asphalt, which are used in various construction activities. Long-term exposure to PAHs, whether through inhalation or skin contact, is linked to an increased risk of leukemia, particularly for workers involved in tasks like asphalt paving or roofing.

Additionally, construction workers may encounter other hazardous chemicals such as formaldehyde and certain pesticides, which can also increase the risk of leukemia. Radiation exposure, although less common, can be another risk factor if workers are in environments where radioactive materials are present.

To mitigate these risks, construction workers should use proper personal protective equipment (PPE), ensure adequate ventilation in work areas, and adhere to safety protocols for handling hazardous materials. Regular health monitoring and comprehensive safety training are crucial for protecting workers and reducing their risk of developing leukemia.