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Health Effects of Railroad Diesel Exhaust Exposure [2025 Guide]

Railroad Workers Exposed to Diesel Exhaust Exposure Face Serious Health Risks

Railroad diesel exhaust exposure poses serious health risks to workers across the industry.

Prolonged contact with toxic diesel emissions has been linked to lung cancer, respiratory diseases, and other life-threatening conditions.

This page explains how diesel exhaust exposure happens, the illnesses it can cause, and what legal options may be available to railroad workers.

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Exposure to Diesel Exhaust on the Railroad: Overview

Diesel engines have powered the railroad industry for decades, but their emissions pose serious threats to human health.

Prolonged exposure to diesel fuel combustion and the particulate matter released from diesel emissions has been directly linked to severe health effects, including lung cancer and chronic lung disease.

The World Health Organization has classified diesel exhaust as a Group 1 carcinogen, meaning there is sufficient evidence to confirm its cancer-causing potential in humans.

For railroad workers (especially heavy equipment operators and those working near idling locomotives) the risk of developing long-term health problems is significantly elevated.

The microscopic particles and toxic gases in diesel exhaust can penetrate deep into the respiratory tract, leading to inflammation, reduced lung function, and systemic damage over time.

Scientific studies have also connected diesel exposure to bladder cancer, cardiovascular issues, and a variety of occupational illnesses.

Individuals exposed to diesel emissions in railyards, maintenance shops, or along the tracks may face an increased risk of developing these conditions.

If you or a loved one has developed lung cancer, bladder cancer, or another serious illness after prolonged exposure to diesel exhaust in a railroad setting, you may be entitled to compensation.

Contact Gianaris Trial Lawyers for a free consultation.

You can also use the chat feature on this page to get in touch with our legal team and to find out if you qualify for a diesel exhaust exposure claim.

Diesel Exhaust Exposure in the Railroad Industry Explained

The transition from steam to diesel-powered engines in the mid-20th century revolutionized the railroad industry.

However, this shift introduced a new set of occupational hazards.

Diesel exhaust is a complex mixture of gases and fine particles, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), known for their carcinogenic properties.

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), part of the World Health Organization, has classified diesel engine exhaust as a Group 1 carcinogen, indicating sufficient evidence of its carcinogenicity in humans.

The Diesel Emissions Reduction Act (DERA) was enacted to mitigate such exposures by promoting cleaner technologies and practices.

Despite these efforts, many railroad workers continue to face significant health risks.

Health effects associated with diesel exhaust exposure include respiratory issues, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and an increased risk of lung and bladder cancer.

The fine particulate matter in diesel exhaust can penetrate deep into the lungs, causing inflammation and other serious health problems.

The railroad industry’s reliance on diesel-powered engines necessitates ongoing attention to occupational health and safety.

Implementing stricter safety regulations, improving ventilation systems, and transitioning to cleaner energy sources are critical steps in protecting workers from the harmful effects of diesel exhaust.

What Railroad Workers are at the Highest Risk of Exposure to Diesel Exhaust?

Railroad operations often place workers in close proximity to running engines, idling locomotives, and diesel-powered machinery—all of which emit harmful diesel particulate matter into the air.

Long-term exposure to these emissions, especially in areas with poor ventilation or inadequate control measures, can significantly increase the risk of cancer, respiratory disease, and other health problems.

A lack of personal protective equipment (PPE) and insufficient regulations in past decades has left many railroad employees with high levels of personal exposure.

Today, many of these workers are facing serious health consequences tied directly to their job duties in the diesel-reliant railroad industry.

In the railroad industry, various job roles are particularly susceptible to diesel exhaust exposure due to the nature of their work:

  • Locomotive Engineers – Operate diesel-powered trains, often sitting for long hours in cabs where fumes may build up.
  • Conductors – Spend time near diesel engines during inspections, coupling, and switching activities.
  • Maintenance-of-Way Workers – Regularly operate diesel-powered repair and construction equipment along active rail lines.
  • Yard Workers – Work on or near idling engines in switching yards and classification yards where ventilation is poor.
  • Shop Workers – Maintain and repair locomotives and engines indoors, often without sufficient exhaust ventilation.
  • Signal Maintainers – Use diesel vehicles and equipment in the field to install or repair trackside signaling systems.
  • Truck Drivers Employed by Railroads – Frequently idle next to locomotives while loading and unloading rail cargo.
  • Track Inspectors – Use diesel-powered motorcars and tools in confined track areas for routine inspection duties.

Each of these roles involves some combination of close contact with diesel engines, frequent time spent in confined or unventilated spaces, and minimal access to respiratory protection.

When long-term exposure occurs without proper control measures or PPE, these workers may face chronic health consequences.

Diesel exhaust particulates are especially dangerous because they are made up of extremely fine particles that can lodge deep within the lungs and enter the bloodstream.

Over time, these exposures may not only cause immediate respiratory distress, but can lead to lung cancer, bladder cancer, and other serious illnesses.

Serious Health Problems Linked to Diesel Engine Exhaust Fumes

Diesel engine exhaust is a complex mixture of gases and fine particles, including diesel particulate matter (DPM), which poses significant health risks to individuals exposed over time.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has identified diesel exhaust as “likely to be carcinogenic to humans,” linking it to increased cancer risk, particularly lung cancer.

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) also classifies diesel exhaust as a potential occupational carcinogen.

Long-term exposure to diesel exhaust particles can lead to inflammation and damage in lung tissue, contributing to chronic respiratory diseases and other serious health concerns.

Moreover, studies have shown that people exposed to diesel emissions have higher rates of emergency room visits for respiratory issues and are at increased risk for premature deaths due to cardiovascular and pulmonary complications.

These findings underscore the importance of stringent EPA regulations aimed at reducing diesel emissions and protecting public health.

The health effects of diesel exhaust are not limited to cancer; they encompass a range of conditions affecting various bodily systems.

Health effects of diesel exhaust exposure include:

  • Lung cancer
  • Bladder cancer
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
  • Asthma and asthma exacerbation
  • Cardiovascular diseases, including heart attacks
  • Stroke
  • Respiratory tract infections
  • Reduced lung function
  • Eye, nose, and throat irritation
  • Headaches and dizziness
  • Nausea
  • Fatigue
  • Premature death
  • Increased hospital admissions for heart and lung diseases

As we’ve discussed, individuals working in environments with high diesel exposure, such as truck drivers, railroad workers, construction workers, dock workers, farm workers, and heavy equipment operators, are particularly at risk.

Implementing effective control measures, including proper ventilation, use of personal protective equipment, and adherence to emission regulations, is crucial in mitigating these health risks.

Public awareness and policy interventions play vital roles in reducing exposure and safeguarding health.

Ongoing research and monitoring are essential to fully understand and address the health implications of diesel exhaust exposure.

Scientific Studies on the Health Effects of Diesel Exhaust Exposure

Extensive research has established a clear link between diesel exhaust exposure and adverse health outcomes, particularly among occupational groups such as railroad workers, truck drivers, and miners.

These studies have demonstrated a positive association between diesel exhaust exposure and increased risks of lung cancer, cardiovascular issues, and cognitive impairments.

The following studies provide detailed insights into these health effects:

  • Exposure-Response Estimates for Diesel Engine Exhaust and Lung Cancer Mortality Based on Data from Three Occupational Cohorts: This meta-regression analysis combined data from three large U.S. occupational cohort studies, including workers in the trucking industry and miners. The study found that diesel engine exhaust (DEE) exposure at levels common in workplaces and outdoor air poses substantial excess lifetime risks of lung cancer. Specifically, lifetime occupational exposures to elemental carbon concentrations of 1, 10, and 25 μg/m³ were associated with estimated excess lung cancer deaths of 17, 200, and 689 per 10,000 individuals, respectively.
  • Diesel Exhaust in Miners Study (DEMS) II: An extension of the original DEMS, this study added 18 years of follow-up data to assess the relationship between diesel exhaust exposure and lung cancer mortality among miners. The findings reinforced the association between higher diesel exhaust exposure and increased lung cancer risk, providing robust evidence for regulatory assessments.
  • Controlled Human Exposure to Diesel Exhaust and Its Impact on Brain Connectivity: In a double-blind crossover study, 25 healthy adults were exposed to diesel exhaust and filtered air. Functional MRI scans revealed immediate declines in default mode network functional connectivity following diesel exhaust exposure, suggesting that even brief exposures can acutely impair brain function.
  • Diesel Exhaust Exposure Induces Changes in EEG in Human Volunteers: This study demonstrated that short-term exposure to diesel exhaust led to functional changes in brain activity, specifically an increase in median power frequency and fast wave activity in the frontal cortex, indicating potential neurotoxic effects of diesel emissions.
  • Occupational-Related Exposure to Diesel Exhaust and Risk of Leukemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies assessed the association between occupational diesel exhaust exposure and leukemia risk. The analysis suggested a potential link, highlighting the need for further research into hematological effects of diesel emissions.

What Toxic Substances Does Diesel Exhaust Contain?

The composition of diesel exhaust can vary depending on factors such as engine type, fuel composition, and operating conditions.

Toxic components commonly found in diesel exhaust include:

  • Carbon Monoxide (CO): A colorless, odorless gas that can interfere with the blood’s ability to carry oxygen, leading to cardiovascular and neurological effects.
  • Carbon Dioxide (CO₂): A greenhouse gas contributing to climate change; high concentrations can displace oxygen in the air.
  • Nitrogen Oxides (NOₓ): A group of reactive gases, including nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and nitric oxide (NO), which can cause respiratory problems and contribute to the formation of ground-level ozone and smog.
  • Sulfur Oxides (SOₓ): Gases such as sulfur dioxide (SO₂) that can cause respiratory irritation and contribute to acid rain.
  • Diesel Particulate Matter (DPM): Fine particles composed primarily of elemental carbon, which can penetrate deep into the lungs and are associated with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.
  • Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): A class of organic compounds that are known carcinogens, formed during the incomplete combustion of organic material.

Were You Exposed to Diesel Exhaust as a Railroader?

If you worked around idling locomotives, rode in poorly ventilated cabs, or performed duties in engine repair shops, there’s a strong chance you encountered harmful diesel emissions on a regular basis.

Diesel exhaust contains toxic substances linked to serious long-term health effects.

Railroaders often face repeated, prolonged exposure without proper ventilation or protective equipment.

Even short-term exposure to diesel fumes can irritate your lungs, throat, and eyes, while long-term exposure may lead to chronic respiratory illness, heart disease, or cancer.

Workers such as conductors, engineers, carmen, machinists, and yardmasters are particularly vulnerable due to the nature of their close contact with diesel-powered vehicles and equipment.

If you’ve developed breathing issues, unexplained fatigue, or a diagnosis such as lung or bladder cancer, these conditions may be tied to your railroad service.

An experienced FELA lawyer can help determine if your illness is linked to your job and guide you through your legal options.

Gianaris Trial Lawyers actively represents railroad workers who have been exposed to diesel exhaust and suffered health problems.

Contact us today for a free consultation.

Use the chat feature on this page for a free case evaluation.

Gathering Evidence for a Toxic Exposure Lawsuit

Gathering strong evidence is essential in building a successful diesel exposure lawsuit, especially when linking long-term health conditions to workplace hazards.

Evidence must demonstrate both the extent of your exposure and the resulting medical harm.

The following items can support your claim:

  • Employment records showing your job title, location, and duration of railroad work
  • Medical records diagnosing conditions such as lung cancer or COPD
  • Witness statements from coworkers about shared exposure conditions
  • Maintenance logs or work orders indicating time spent near diesel-powered engines
  • Photos or documentation of poor ventilation or lack of safety equipment
  • Expert testimony on diesel exhaust health risks and occupational exposure
  • Air quality or industrial hygiene reports from the worksite, if available

Damages in Diesel Exhaust Exposure Claims

Workers harmed by diesel exhaust exposure may be eligible to pursue a range of damages through a FELA claim or other toxic exposure lawsuit.

These damages are meant to address both the financial and human costs of developing a serious illness due to workplace exposure.

The goal is to compensate for what has been lost—and what may continue to be lost—because of prolonged contact with toxic diesel emissions.

Common damages in diesel exhaust exposure claims include:

  • Medical expenses for diagnosis, treatment, hospitalization, and ongoing care
  • Lost wages from time off work due to illness or medical appointments
  • Loss of future earning capacity if your condition limits or ends your ability to work
  • Pain and suffering associated with chronic symptoms, treatments, or reduced quality of life
  • Future medical costs for long-term monitoring or palliative care
  • Loss of consortium for the impact your illness has had on family relationships
  • Funeral and burial costs in wrongful death claims brought by surviving family members

An experienced FELA attorney can evaluate your case to identify the full scope of damages you’re entitled to pursue.

Gianaris Trial Lawyers: Representing Victims of Exposure to Diesel Exhaust

At Gianaris Trial Lawyers, we are committed to standing up for railroad workers and others harmed by long-term exposure to toxic diesel exhaust.

We understand the devastating toll that occupational illnesses like lung cancer and respiratory disease can take—not just physically, but emotionally and financially as well.

Our team has the experience, resources, and dedication to help you hold negligent railroad companies accountable and fight for the compensation you deserve.

If you or a loved one has suffered a serious illness due to diesel exhaust exposure, contact Gianaris Trial Lawyers today for a free, confidential consultation.

We will listen to your story, investigate your claim, and guide you through every step of the legal process.

Let us help you seek justice.

Frequently Asked Questions

  • What are common symptoms of diesel exhaust exposure in railroad workers?

    Prolonged or repeated exposure to diesel exhaust can result in a range of symptoms, which may vary depending on the intensity and duration of exposure.

    Early symptoms can mimic general fatigue or minor respiratory issues, which is why they are often overlooked.

    However, persistent exposure may lead to more serious health complications.

    Common symptoms include:

    • Chronic coughing or wheezing
    • Shortness of breath or chest tightness
    • Irritated eyes, nose, or throat
    • Headaches or lightheadedness
    • Fatigue and decreased exercise tolerance
    • Skin irritation in exposed areas
    • Persistent respiratory infections

    If these symptoms develop or worsen during or after time spent near diesel engines or rail yards, it’s important to seek medical evaluation and begin documenting potential exposure history.

  • Can I still file a diesel exhaust lawsuit if I was exposed years ago?

    Yes, it may still be possible to file a lawsuit even if the exposure occurred many years ago, especially in cases involving long-latency illnesses like cancer.

    Under FELA, the statute of limitations generally begins when the injured worker first discovers, or reasonably should have discovered, the link between their illness and occupational exposure.

    This means that if you were only recently diagnosed with a condition tied to diesel exhaust exposure, the legal clock may have just started ticking.

    Courts recognize that diseases caused by toxic substances can take years or even decades to develop, and legal deadlines are often structured to reflect that reality.

    It’s crucial to speak with an experienced attorney who can evaluate the timing of your diagnosis and help determine whether you are still eligible to pursue a claim.

  • What types of documentation can support my diesel exhaust exposure claim?

    Supporting documentation is essential for building a strong diesel exhaust exposure case, especially under FELA.

    These materials help prove the nature, extent, and source of the exposure, as well as the resulting health consequences.

    Pieces of documentation that can strengthen your claim include:

    • Work history records showing the job roles, locations, and timeframes of employment around diesel-powered equipment.
    • Medical records that link your diagnosis to diesel exhaust exposure or list symptoms consistent with diesel-related illness.
    • Incident reports or internal company documents referencing diesel exhaust levels, ventilation concerns, or complaints.
    • Witness statements from coworkers who can confirm exposure conditions or lack of protective measures.
    • Expert opinions from medical or industrial hygiene professionals connecting your illness to long-term exposure.
    • OSHA or FRA inspection reports that document violations or workplace safety issues involving diesel equipment.

    Collecting and preserving these materials early can significantly improve the chances of a successful claim.

  • How do diesel engines contribute to air pollution in railroad environments?

    Diesel engines contribute significantly to air pollution, especially in enclosed or high-traffic rail yards where ventilation is limited.

    Their exhaust contains a complex mixture of gases and fine carbon particles that can accumulate in the air and settle into the lungs of exposed workers.

    These emissions are known to cause respiratory irritation, elevate cancer risk, and degrade the quality of outdoor air near industrial sites.

    Compared to other engine types, the emissions from diesel-powered locomotives are more persistent and toxic, making prolonged exposure a serious occupational hazard.

  • Is diesel exhaust more dangerous than gasoline engine exhausts or natural gas combustion?

    Yes, diesel exhaust typically poses a greater health risk than gasoline engine exhausts or natural gas combustion byproducts.

    While all engine emissions contain pollutants, diesel engines produce a much higher volume of particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

    In contrast, natural gas combustion tends to generate fewer particulates and cleaner overall emissions.

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Ted Gianaris

With nearly 30 years of legal experience, Attorney Ted Gianaris has secured over $350 million in compensation for Illinois injury victims, car accident victims, and surviving family members of wrongful death victims.

This article has been written and reviewed for legal accuracy and clarity by the team of writers and attorneys at Gianaris Trial Lawyers and is as accurate as possible. This content should not be taken as legal advice from an attorney. If you would like to learn more about our owner and experienced Illinois injury lawyer, Ted Gianaris, you can do so here.

Gianaris Trial Lawyers does everything possible to make sure the information in this article is up to date and accurate. If you need specific legal advice about your case, contact us. This article should not be taken as advice from an attorney.

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